Which chemical is commonly used in relaxers?

Sodium hydroxide is commonly used in hair relaxers because it effectively breaks down the protein structure in hair, allowing it to be straightened. This chemical is known as a strong alkaline agent, which means it has a high pH level that can penetrate the hair shaft and disrupt the bonds that give hair its natural shape. When applied correctly, sodium hydroxide can help achieve smooth, straight hair, which is the primary goal of a relaxer treatment.

Hydrogen peroxide is typically used as a bleaching agent but does not serve the same purpose in relaxing hair. Ammonia, while it can be found in some hair products for its ability to open the hair cuticle, is more commonly associated with hair coloring rather than relaxation. Glycolic acid, on the other hand, is often used in skin care products for its exfoliating properties and is not a standard ingredient in hair relaxers. Thus, sodium hydroxide stands out as the primary chemical used for this specific hair treatment.